Rana Naveed Ur Rehman, Yaohua You, Lei Zhang, Bachir Daoura Goudia, Abdul Rehman Khan, Pengmin Li, Fangwang Ma. High Temperature Induced Anthocyanin Inhibition and Active Degradation in Malus profusion

High Temperature Induced Anthocyanin Inhibition and Active Degradation in Malus profusion

Rana Naveed Ur Rehman, Yaohua You, Lei Zhang, Bachir Daoura Goudia, Abdul Rehman Khan, Pengmin Li, Fangwang Ma.

Front. Plant Sci.

DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01401

Abstract: The red fleshed fruits of  Malus profusion  represent gradual color loss during high temperature in summer, potentially due to active degradation of anthocyanin. The objective of this study was to examine both physiological and molecular evidence of anthocyanin degradation.  Malus  crabapple fruits were exposed to either room temperature (RT = 18 ± 2°C: 25 ± 2°C) or high temperature (HT = 33 ± 2°C: 25 ± 2°C) regimens (12 h: 12 h) under hypoxic (2%) or normoxic (21%) oxygen levels. The results showed that the concentration of cyanidin 3-galactoside (cy-3-gal) was dramatically reduced following HT treatments due to a significant down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes ( MpCHS ,  MpDFR , MpLDOX ,  MpUFGT , and  MpMYB10 ). Among other repressor MYBs,  MpMYB15  expression was high following HT treatment of the fruit. HT led to the generation of a substantial concentration of H₂O₂ due to enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content and cell sap pH value. Similarly, transcript levels of  MpVHA-B1  and  MpVHA-B2  were reduced which are involved in the vacuolar transportation of anthocyanin. The enzymatic degradation of anthocyanin was eventually enhanced coupled with the oxidative activities of peroxidase (POD) and H₂O₂. Conversely, the RT treatments potentially enhanced anthocyanin content by stabilizing physiological attributes (such as MDA, H₂O₂, and pH, among others) and sustaining sufficient biosynthetic gene expression levels. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the transcription of   MpPOD1 ,  MpPOD8  and  MpPOD9  genes in fruit tissues was up-regulated due to HT treatment and that hypoxic conditions seems more compatible with the responsible POD isoenzymes involved in active anthocyanin degradation. The results of the current study could be useful for understanding as well as elucidating the physiological phenomenon and molecular signaling cascade underlying active anthocyanin degradation in Malus  crops.